Knee pain can have a serious impact on daily life. Walking, climbing stairs, standing for long periods—even sleeping—can become difficult when the knee joint is worn down or damaged. For many people, knee replacement surgery offers relief when other treatments no longer work. If you’re considering knee replacement, here’s what you need to know to make an informed decision.
What Is Knee Replacement Surgery?
Knee replacement, also called knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged parts of the knee joint with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. These components mimic the movement of a healthy knee and help restore function and reduce pain.
Most often, knee replacement is recommended for people with severe osteoarthritis, but it can also help those with rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or joint deformities. The goal is to give patients better mobility and quality of life.
There are two main types:
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Total knee replacement (TKR) – where the entire joint is replaced.
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Partial knee replacement – where only the damaged part of the joint is replaced, usually one compartment.
When Should You Consider Surgery?
Surgery is usually considered when:
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Pain is severe and constant.
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Knee function is limited, making it hard to walk, stand, or use stairs.
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Non-surgical treatments (like physical therapy, medication, or injections) have stopped working.
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X-rays or scans show advanced joint damage.
It’s a personal decision, and not everyone with knee pain needs surgery. Your orthopedic surgeon will assess your symptoms, medical history, and imaging before recommending the best option.
What to Expect Before Surgery
If you and your doctor decide that knee replacement is the right step, you’ll go through a preoperative process that may include:
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Blood tests and imaging.
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A physical exam to assess your general health.
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Education about the procedure, hospital stay, and recovery.
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Instructions on medications to stop or adjust before surgery.
Many hospitals offer pre-surgery classes or online resources to help you prepare both physically and mentally for the procedure.
The Procedure Itself
Knee replacement surgery typically takes 1 to 2 hours. It is performed under spinal or general anesthesia. During the operation:
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The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone.
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The artificial joint components are positioned and secured.
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The wound is closed, and a bandage is applied.
Most patients stay in the hospital for 1 to 3 days, depending on their health and how quickly they regain mobility.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Recovery from knee replacement takes time—but most patients start walking with assistance within a day or two. Physical therapy begins early and is essential for regaining strength, flexibility, and proper movement.
Here’s what to expect during recovery:
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First few weeks: You’ll use a walker or crutches and do daily exercises.
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After 4–6 weeks: Many people can drive, return to light activities, and walk more comfortably.
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3–6 months: Most patients feel significantly better and resume normal daily routines.
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1 year: Full recovery is generally reached, though improvement may continue beyond that.
Consistency with physical therapy and following your doctor’s instructions play a major role in how fast and how well you recover.
Risks and Complications
Like any surgery, knee replacement has risks. These include:
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Infection
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Blood clots
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Nerve injury
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Stiffness or limited range of motion
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Implant loosening or wear over time
However, complications are relatively uncommon, especially when surgery is done by an experienced orthopedic team and the patient follows recovery protocols closely.
How Long Does a Knee Replacement Last?
Modern knee implants are built to last. Most total knee replacements function well for 15–20 years or more. Younger or very active patients may eventually need a revision surgery later in life, but many people enjoy long-term benefits from a single operation.
Lifestyle After Knee Replacement
One of the main goals of knee replacement is to return to a more active and comfortable life. Many people can:
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Walk without pain
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Go up and down stairs more easily
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Participate in low-impact activities like cycling, swimming, or golf
High-impact sports like running or jumping are generally discouraged, as they can shorten the lifespan of the implant.
Final Thoughts
Knee replacement surgery is not a quick fix, but it can be life-changing for those suffering from constant pain and limited mobility. By understanding the procedure, recovery, and long-term outlook, you can make a confident and informed decision about your health.
If you’re considering knee replacement, speak with an orthopedic surgeon who can answer your questions, assess your specific condition, and guide you through the journey. The right preparation—and the right mindset—can make all the difference in your outcome.